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        <fileDesc>
            <titleStmt><title>Ring, Algeria </title>
            <editor>Alison E. Cooley</editor></titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt>
                <authority>AEC/ASHL</authority>
                <idno type="filename">ANFortnum FR.743.xml</idno>
            </publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <msDesc>
                    <msIdentifier>
                        <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
                        <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
                        <idno>ANFortnum FR.743</idno>
                        <altIdentifier>
                            <idno>AshLI 449</idno>
                        </altIdentifier>
                    </msIdentifier>
                    <physDesc>
                        <objectDesc>
                            <supportDesc>
                                <support>
                                    <p>A plain <material ref="http://www.eagle-network.eu/voc/material/lod/113.html">copper</material> 
                                        <objectType ref="http://www.eagle-network.eu/voc/objtyp/lod/168.html">ring</objectType> with a squareish bezel 
                                        <rs type="execution" key="scalpro">incised</rs> with a personal name. </p>
                                    <p>Dimensions not available.</p>
                                </support></supportDesc>
                            <layoutDesc><layout>
                                <p>The first and last S in the word SILVANVS is retrograde</p>
                            </layout></layoutDesc>
                        </objectDesc>
                        <handDesc>
                            <handNote></handNote>
                        </handDesc>
                    </physDesc>
                    <history>
                        <origin>
                            <origPlace>Algeria</origPlace>
                            <origDate notBefore="0350" notAfter="0450">Late 4th/ early 5th century AD (Fortnum)</origDate>
                        </origin>
                        <provenance type="observed" when="1880">Given  in  Rome  during  1880  by  J.B.  de  Rossi  (<ref target="#Fortnum1880">Fortnum  1880</ref>)  to  
                            Charles  Drury  Edward Fortnum Fortnum (1820-1899), who recorded that it had been found in Algeria. 
                            Fortnum was an  art  historian  and  collector,  with  particular  interest  in  collecting  sculpture,  bronzes, maiolica, and rings from
                            Renaissance Italy. He published catalogues of maiolica and bronzes in  the  South  Kensington  Museum  (later,  the  Victoria  and  Albert  
                            Museum).  Fortnum  was instrumental  in  the  history  of  the  development  of  the  Ashmolean  Museum,  making  a substantial donation to 
                            allow the collections at the University Galleries on Beaumont Street to come  to  fruition,  and  also  both  lending  and  subsequently  
                            donating  a  large  part  of  his collection to the museum (<ref target="#wilson2004">Wilson 2004</ref>). </provenance>
                        <provenance type="observed" when="1889">This item was given to the Ashmolean in Nov. 1889 (Western Art ms. Fortnum Collection).</provenance>
                        <provenance type="autopsy" when="2014"></provenance>
                    </history>
                </msDesc>
            </sourceDesc>
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        <body>
           
            <div type="edition" xml:space="preserve" xml:lang="Latn">
                <ab>
                    <lb n="1"/> <persName nymRef="#Comunalis"><hi rend="reversed">S</hi>ILVANV<hi rend="reversed">S</hi> COMVNALIS</persName>
                </ab>
            </div>
            <div type="translation" xml:lang="en">
                <p>Silvanus Comunalis</p>
            </div>
            <div type="apparatus"/> 
            
            <div type="commentary">
                <p>Believed to be Christian by Fortnum (188</p>
            </div>
            <div type="bibliography" subtype="Editions">
                <p><ref target="#Fortnum1880">Fortnum (1880)</ref> p.355 no.46; Western Art ms. Fortnum Collection FR.743 </p>
            </div>
            <div type="bibliography" subtype="Scholarship">              
                <listBibl>
                    <bibl xml:id="Fortnum1880">
                        <author><surname>Fortnum</surname> <forename>C.D.E.</forename></author>
                        <date>1880</date>
                        <title level="a">Additional notes on finger rings and on some engraved gems of the early Christian period</title>
                        <title level="j">Archaeological Journal</title>
                        <biblScope unit="volume">37</biblScope>
                        <biblScope unit="page">351-63</biblScope>
                    </bibl>
                    <bibl xml:id="wilson2004">
                        <author><surname>Wilson</surname> <forename>T.</forename></author>
                        <date>2004</date> <title level="a">Fortnum, Charles Drury Edward (1820–1899)</title>
                        <title level="m">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</title>
                        <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace> <publisher>Oxford University Press, online edition</publisher>
                        <note><ref target="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/9951">http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/9951</ref>, accessed 14 March 2017</note>
                    </bibl>
                </listBibl>
            </div>
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