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            <titleStmt><title>Christian ring, Naples </title>
            <editor>Alison E. Cooley</editor></titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt>
                <authority>AEC/ASHL</authority>
                <idno type="filename">ANFortnum FR.740.xml</idno>
            </publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <msDesc>
                    <msIdentifier>
                        <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
                        <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
                        <idno>ANFortnum FR.740</idno>
                        <altIdentifier>
                            <idno>AshLI 446 </idno>
                        </altIdentifier>
                    </msIdentifier>
                    <physDesc>
                        <objectDesc>
                            <supportDesc>
                                <support>
                                    <p>A <material ref="http://www.eagle-network.eu/voc/material/lod/644.html">bronze</material> 
                                        <objectType ref="http://www.eagle-network.eu/voc/objtyp/lod/168.html">ring</objectType>,
                                        with <rs type="execution" key="scalpro">inscription</rs> in retrograde lettering on a square bezel (<ref target="#Fortnum1880">Fortnum 1880</ref>).</p>
                                    <p>Dimensions not available</p>
                                </support></supportDesc>
                            <layoutDesc><layout>
                                <p></p>
                            </layout></layoutDesc>
                        </objectDesc>
                        <handDesc>
                            <handNote></handNote>
                        </handDesc>
                    </physDesc>
                    <history>
                        <origin>
                            <origPlace><placeName ref="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/433014">Naples</placeName></origPlace>
                            <origDate notBefore="0300" notAfter="0500">4th/5th century AD</origDate>
                        </origin>
                        <provenance type="observed" when="1880">Bought  at  Naples  (<ref target="#Fortnum1880">Fortnum  1880</ref>). 
                            From  the  collection  of  Charles  Drury  Edward  Fortnum Fortnum  (1820-1899), who  was  an  art  historian  and  collector,  
                            with  particular  interest  in collecting  sculpture,  bronzes,  maiolica,  and  rings  from  Renaissance  Italy.  
                            He  published catalogues of maiolica and bronzes in the South Kensington Museum (later, the Victoria and Albert  Museum).  
                            Fortnum  was  instrumental  in  the  history of  the  development  of  the Ashmolean Museum, making a substantial donation
                            to allow the collections at the University Galleries  on  Beaumont  Street  to  come  to  fruition,  and  also  both  lending  
                            and  subsequently donating a large part of his collection to the museum (<ref target="#wilson2004">Wilson 2004</ref>).</provenance> 
                        <provenance type="observed" when="1889">This item was given to the Ashmolean in Nov. 1889 (Western Art ms. Fortnum Collection).</provenance>
                        <provenance type="autopsy" when="2014"></provenance>
                    </history>
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        <body>
           
            <div type="edition" xml:space="preserve" xml:lang="Latn">
                <ab>
                    <lb n="1" rend="right-to-left"/> <persName nymRef="#Crescens4"><expan><abbr>CRESCE</abbr><ex>N</ex><abbr>S</abbr></expan></persName> VIVAS
                </ab>
            </div>
            <div type="translation" xml:lang="en">
                <p>Crescens, may you live</p>
            </div>
            <div type="apparatus"/> 
            
            <div type="commentary">
                <p>The formula suggests a Christian cont</p>
            </div>
            <div type="bibliography" subtype="Editions">
                <p><ref target="#Fortnum1880">Fortnum (1880)</ref> p.355 no.43; Western Art ms. Fortnum Collection FR.740</p>
            </div>
            <div type="bibliography" subtype="Scholarship"> 
                <listBibl>
                    <bibl xml:id="Fortnum1880">
                        <author><surname>Fortnum</surname> <forename>C.D.E.</forename></author>
                        <date>1880</date>
                        <title level="a">Additional notes on finger rings and on some engraved gems of the early Christian period</title>
                        <title level="j">Archaeological Journal</title>
                        <biblScope unit="volume">37</biblScope>
                        <biblScope unit="page">351-63</biblScope>
                    </bibl>
                    <bibl xml:id="wilson2004">
                        <author><surname>Wilson</surname> <forename>T.</forename></author>
                        <date>2004</date> <title level="a">Fortnum, Charles Drury Edward (1820–1899)</title>
                        <title level="m">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</title>
                        <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace> <publisher>Oxford University Press, online edition</publisher>
                        <note><ref target="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/9951">http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/9951</ref>, accessed 14 March 2017</note>
                    </bibl>
                </listBibl>
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