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            <titleStmt><title>Christian ring, Rome </title>
            <editor>Alison E. Cooley</editor></titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt>
                <authority>AEC/ASHL</authority>
                <idno type="filename">ANFortnum FR.737.xml</idno>
            </publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <msDesc>
                    <msIdentifier>
                        <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
                        <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
                        <idno>ANFortnum FR.737</idno>
                        <altIdentifier>
                            <idno>AshLI 444</idno>
                        </altIdentifier>
                    </msIdentifier>
                    <physDesc>
                        <objectDesc>
                            <supportDesc>
                                <support>
                                    <p>A plain <material ref="http://www.eagle-network.eu/voc/material/lod/644.html">bronze</material> 
                                        <objectType ref="http://www.eagle-network.eu/voc/objtyp/lod/168.html">ring</objectType> consisting of a seven-sided hoop, 
                                        with retrograde <rs type="execution" key="scalpro">letters</rs>, some of which were already hardly legible to Fortnum in 1880. </p>
                                    <p> Dimensions not available</p>
                                </support></supportDesc>
                            <layoutDesc><layout>
                                <p></p>
                            </layout></layoutDesc>
                        </objectDesc>
                        <handDesc>
                            <handNote></handNote>
                        </handDesc>
                    </physDesc>
                    <history>
                        <origin>
                            <origPlace><placeName ref="http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/423025">Rome</placeName></origPlace>
                            <origDate notBefore="0300" notAfter="0400">4th century AD (<ref target="#Fortnum1880">Fortnum</ref>)</origDate>
                        </origin>
                        <provenance type="observed" when="1880">Bought in Rome in 1880 by Charles Drury Edward Fortnum Fortnum (1820-1899), who was an  art  historian  and  collector,
                            with  particular  interest  in  collecting  sculpture,  bronzes, maiolica, and rings from Renaissance Italy. He published catalogues of maiolica and 
                            bronzes in  the  South  Kensington  Museum  (later,  the  Victoria  and  Albert  Museum).  Fortnum  was instrumental  in  the  history  of  the  
                            development  of  the  Ashmolean  Museum,  making  a substantial donation to allow the collections at the University Galleries on Beaumont Street to come 
                            to  fruition,  and  also  both  lending  and  subsequently  donating  a  large  part  of  his collection to the museum (<ref target="#wilson2004">Wilson 2004</ref>).</provenance>
                        <provenance type="observed" when="1889">This item was given to the Ashmolean in Nov. 1889 (Western Art ms. Fortnum Collection</provenance>
                        <provenance type="autopsy" when="2014"></provenance>
                    </history>
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        <body>
           
            <div type="edition" xml:space="preserve" xml:lang="Latn">
                <ab>
                    <lb n="1" rend="right-to-left"/> <persName nymRef="#Venantius">VENANTI</persName> VIVAS IN DEO CVN SERCIIV
                </ab>
            </div>
            <div type="translation" xml:lang="en">
                <p>Venantius, may you live in God with Ser[---]</p>
            </div>
            <div type="apparatus">
                <listApp>
                    <app><note>SERGIOLA (tentatively suggested by <ref target="#Fortnum1880">Fortnum 1880</ref>); CVN for CVM</note></app>
                </listApp>
            </div> 
            
            <div type="commentary">
                <p>The  formula  indicates  its  Christian  context.  <ref target="#Fortnum1880">Fortnum (1880)</ref>  suggests  it  may  have  been  a wedding ring.</p>
            </div>
            <div type="bibliography" subtype="Editions">
                <p><ref target="#Fortnum1880">Fortnum  (1880)</ref>  p.354  no.40,  with  fig.;  Western  Art  ms.  Fortnum Collection,  Finger  Rings no.737</p>
            </div>
            <div type="bibliography" subtype="Scholarship">                
                <listBibl>
                    <bibl xml:id="Fortnum1880">
                        <author><surname>Fortnum</surname> <forename>C.D.E.</forename></author>
                        <date>1880</date>
                        <title level="a">Additional notes on finger rings and on some engraved gems of the early Christian period</title>
                        <title level="j">Archaeological Journal</title>
                        <biblScope unit="volume">37</biblScope>
                        <biblScope unit="page">351-63</biblScope>
                    </bibl>
                    <bibl xml:id="wilson2004">
                        <author><surname>Wilson</surname> <forename>T.</forename></author>
                        <date>2004</date> <title level="a">Fortnum, Charles Drury Edward (1820–1899)</title>
                        <title level="m">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</title>
                        <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace> <publisher>Oxford University Press, online edition</publisher>
                        <note><ref target="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/9951">http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/9951</ref>, accessed 14 March 2017</note>
                    </bibl>
                </listBibl>
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