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            <titleStmt><title>Arretine mould with exterior stamp </title>
            <editor>Alison E. Cooley</editor></titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt>
                <authority>AEC/ASHL</authority>
                <idno type="filename">AN1966.251.xml</idno>
            </publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <msDesc>
                    <msIdentifier>
                        <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
                        <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
                        <idno>AN1966.252</idno>
                        <altIdentifier>
                            <idno>AshLI 380</idno>
                        </altIdentifier>
                    </msIdentifier>
                    <physDesc>
                        <objectDesc>
                            <supportDesc>
                                <support>
                                    <p>Four sections of an <material ref="http://www.eagle-network.eu/voc/material/lod/132.html">Arretine ware</material> 
                                        <objectType ref="http://www.eagle-network.eu/voc/objtyp/lod/321.html">mould</objectType> (Dimensions: <dimensions><height unit="metre"> 0.16</height> <width unit="metre">0.22</width></dimensions>. .
                                        There are highly <rs type="decoration">ornate borders</rs> at top and bottom, with <rs type="decoration">palmettes, rosettes, and foliage</rs>.
                                        There are <rs type="decoration">scenes of love-making with four pairs of male and male/female lovers</rs>.  
                                        The  background  is  populated  with  a  variety  of  motifs, including  <rs type="decoration">lyres,  candelabra,  garlands, erotes
                                            atop columns, and  standing  female  figures with flowing robes</rs>. </p>
                                </support></supportDesc>
                            <layoutDesc><layout>
                                <p> Ligatured <rs type="execution" key="signaculo">stamps</rs> of M. Perennius Tigranus appear inside cartouches within  one  of  the  upper  borders.
                                    Cartouche: <height unit="metre">0.007</height> <width unit="metre">0.017</width>.
                                </p>
                            </layout></layoutDesc>
                        </objectDesc>
                        <handDesc>
                            <handNote>Letters: <height unit="metre"> 0.007</height></handNote>
                        </handDesc>
                    </physDesc>
                    <history>
                        <origin>
                            <origPlace/>
                            <origDate notBefore="-0010" notAfter="0060">c.10 BC – AD 60</origDate>
                        </origin>
                        <provenance type="observed" when="1966">According  to the  Accession  Register,  no  provenance  is  recorded  for  this  mould, 
                            which  was given  to  the  Ashmolean  by  Sir  John  Beazley,  from  the  former  collection  of  E.P.  Warren. <ref target="#vickers1992">Vickers</ref> 
                            (1992: p.12, with fig. 9) states that it was shown to be a modern forgery in the 1980s. </provenance>
                        <provenance type="autopsy" when="2014"></provenance>
                    </history>
                </msDesc>
            </sourceDesc>
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    <facsimile>
        <surface><graphic url="//latininscriptions.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/images/high/AN_1966_252.jpg"><desc>Photograph</desc></graphic></surface>
        <surface><graphic url="//latininscriptions.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/images/high/AN_1966_252_(1).jpg"><desc>Photograph</desc></graphic></surface>
        <surface><graphic url="//latininscriptions.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/images/high/AN_1966_252_(2).jpg"><desc>Photograph</desc></graphic></surface>
        <surface><graphic url="//latininscriptions.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/images/high/AN_1966_252_(3).jpg"><desc>Photograph</desc></graphic></surface>
        <surface><graphic url="//latininscriptions.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/images/high/AN_1966_252_(5).jpg"><desc>Photograph</desc></graphic></surface>
    </facsimile>
    <text>
        <body>
           
            <div type="edition" xml:space="preserve" xml:lang="Latn">
                    <div type="textpart" subtype="section" n="A">
                        <ab>
                            <lb n="1"/><persName nymRef="Tigranus"><name type="praenomen"><expan><abbr>M</abbr><ex>arcus</ex></expan></name> 
                                <name type="gentilicium"><expan><abbr><hi rend="ligature">Pe</hi>r<hi rend="ligature">en</hi></abbr><ex>ni</ex></expan></name></persName>
                        </ab>
                    </div>
                    <div type="textpart" subtype="section" n="B">
                        <ab>
                            <lb n="1"/><persName nymRef="Tigranus"><name type="cognomen">Tig<supplied reason="lost">rani</supplied></name></persName>
                        </ab>
                    </div>
                    <div type="textpart" subtype="section" n="C">
                        <ab>
                            <lb n="1"/><persName nymRef="Tigranus"><name type="praenomen"><expan><abbr>M</abbr><ex>arcus</ex></expan></name> 
                                <name type="gentilicium"><expan><abbr><hi rend="ligature">Pe</hi>r<hi rend="ligature">en</hi></abbr><ex>ni</ex></expan></name></persName>
                        </ab>
                    </div>
                    <div type="textpart" subtype="section" n="D">
                        <ab>
                            <lb n="1"/><persName nymRef="Tigranus"><name type="cognomen">Tigr<hi rend="ligature">an</hi><supplied reason="lost">i</supplied></name></persName>
                        </ab>
                    </div>
            </div>
                
                
            <div type="translation" xml:lang="en">
                <p>Of Marcus Perennius Tigranus</p>
            </div>
            <div type="apparatus"/> 
            
            <div type="commentary">
                <p>This  is  the  stamp  of  M.  Perennius  Tigranus  (<ref target="#oxé2000">OCK</ref>  no.1413),  a  freedman,  
                    from  the  branch factory at Cincelli, roughly 8 km. from <placeName ref="http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/413032">Arezzo</placeName>, 
                    which was one of the largest in the area, and the  first  to  start  production  of  fineware  (<ref target="#brown1968">Brown  1968</ref>:  p.3).  
                    It  shows  how  the  completed manufacturing  mark  consists  of  two  separate  stamps  on  different  parts  of  the  bowl  
                    (<ref target="#oxé2000">Oxé, Comfort, Kenrick 2000</ref>: p.26). </p>
            </div>
            <div type="bibliography" subtype="Editions">
                <p>Ashmolean   Museum   Department   of   Antiquities   MS.   Accession   Register   1966.252; 
                    <ref target="#ashmolean1967">Ashmolean Museum (1967)</ref> no.549, pl.LXXV;  <ref target="#brown1968">Brown (1968)</ref> p.6 no.2, Plates II, IV, XIX + Figs 1, 3; 
                    <ref target="#vickers1992">Vickers (1992)</ref> p.12 fig 9.</p>
            </div>
            <div type="bibliography" subtype="Scholarship">     
                <listBibl>
                    <bibl xml:id="ashmolean1967">
                        <author>Ashmolean Museum Department of Antiquities</author>
                        <date>1967</date>
                        <title level="m">Select Exhibition of Sir John and Lady Beazley’s Gifts to the Ashmolean Museum 1912-1966</title>
                        <pubPlace>London</pubPlace> <publisher>OUP</publisher>
                    </bibl>
                    <bibl xml:id="brown1968">
                        <author><surname>Brown</surname> <forename>A.C.</forename></author>
                        <date>1968</date> <title level="m">Catalogue of Italian Terra-Sigillata in the Ashmolean Museum </title>
                        <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace> <publisher>Clarendon Press</publisher>
                    </bibl>
                    <bibl xml:id="oxé2000">
                        <author><surname>Oxé</surname><forename>A.</forename></author> <author><surname>Comfort</surname><forename>H.</forename></author> <author><surname>Kenrick</surname><forename>P.</forename></author>
                        <date>2000, 2nd edn</date> <title level="m">Corpus Vasorum Arretinorum. A Catalogue of the Signatures,Shapes and Chronology of Italian Sigillata</title>
                        <pubPlace>Bonn</pubPlace> <publisher>Rudolf Habelt GMBH</publisher> = OCK
                    </bibl>
                    <bibl xml:id="vickers1992">
                        <author><surname>Vickers</surname> <forename>M.</forename></author>
                        <date>1992</date> <title level="m">The Ancient Romans</title>
                        <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace> <publisher>Ashmolean Museum</publisher>
                     </bibl>
                </listBibl>
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