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        <fileDesc>
            <titleStmt><title>Brickstamp, Portus</title>
            <editor>Alison E. Cooley</editor></titleStmt>
            <publicationStmt>
                <authority>AEC/ASHL</authority>
                <idno type="filename">AN1872.1515.xml</idno>
            </publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <msDesc>
                    <msIdentifier>
                        <settlement>Oxford</settlement>
                        <repository>Ashmolean Museum</repository>
                        <idno>AN1872.1515</idno>
                        <altIdentifier>
                            <idno>AshLI 212</idno>
                        </altIdentifier>
                        <altIdentifier>
                            <idno>Coll. Ref: 31</idno>
                        </altIdentifier>
                        <altIdentifier>
                            <idno>Roman catalogue: 395</idno>
                        </altIdentifier>
                    </msIdentifier>
                    <physDesc>
                        <objectDesc>
                            <supportDesc>
                                <support>
                                    <p>A <objectType ref="http://www.eagle-network.eu/voc/objtyp/lod/122.html">complete circular, orbicular stamp</objectType> (<dim unit="metre">0.092</dim>),
                                        with a large orbiculus (<dim unit="metre">0.036</dim>) extending into the central section of the stamp.
                                        <objectType ref="http://www.eagle-network.eu/voc/objtyp/lod/951.html">Brick</objectType>: 
                                        <dimensions><height unit="metre">0.11+</height> <width unit="metre">0.113+</width> <depth unit="metre">0.035</depth></dimensions></p>
                                </support></supportDesc>
                            <layoutDesc><layout>
                                <p>There are two lines of letters around the edge of the <rs type="execution" key="signaculo">stamp</rs>, running in concentric circles. 
                                    In the centre is a <rs type="decoration">pine cone</rs>. 
                                    The letters in line 2 are rather worn.</p>
                            </layout></layoutDesc>
                        </objectDesc>
                        <handDesc>
                            <handNote> <height unit="metre">0.011</height> (outer, line 1); <height unit="metre">0.009</height> (inner, line 2) </handNote>
                        </handDesc>
                    </physDesc>
                    <history>
                        <origin>
                            <origPlace><placeName ref="http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/423012">Portus</placeName>; many examples of bricks bearing this stamp found in southern part
                                of palazzo imperiale (<ref target="#lanciani1868">Lanciani 1868</ref>: p.175).</origPlace>
                            <origDate notBefore="0134" notAfter="0155" precision="medium">AD c.134-155 (CIL; <ref target="#thylander1952">Thylander</ref>).</origDate>
                        </origin>
                        <provenance type="observed" when="1871">This brickstamp is part of a collection of brickstamps from Rome, Ostia, and Portus given to the Ashmolean by 
                            J.H. Parker, Keeper of Antiquities in the Ashmolean Museum (1870-84), after a visit to Rome in the winter months of 1871/2.</provenance>
                        <provenance type="autopsy" when="2015">It is currently in store. </provenance>
                    </history>
                </msDesc>
            </sourceDesc>
        </fileDesc>
    </teiHeader>
    <facsimile>
        <surface><graphic url="//latininscriptions.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/images/high/AN_1872_1515.jpg"><desc>Photograph</desc></graphic></surface>
        <surface><graphic url="//latininscriptions.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/images/high/AN_1872_1515_(1).jpg"><desc>Photograph</desc></graphic></surface>
        <surface><graphic url="//latininscriptions.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/images/high/AN_1872_1515_(2).jpg"><desc>Photograph</desc></graphic></surface>
    </facsimile>
    <text>
        <body>
           
            <div type="edition" xml:space="preserve" xml:lang="Latn">
                <ab>
                    <lb n="1" rend="circle"/> <expan><abbr>op</abbr><ex>us</ex></expan> <expan><abbr>do</abbr><ex>liare</ex></expan> <g type="interpunct"/>
                        <persName nymRef="#Quinquatralis"><name type="gentilicium" subtype="Claudius"><expan><abbr>Cl</abbr><ex>audi</ex></expan></name>
                        <name type="cognomen" nymRef="Quinquatralis"><expan><abbr>Q</abbr><ex>uin</ex><abbr>q</abbr><ex>uatralis</ex></expan></name></persName> et 
                        <persName nymRef="#Martialis1"><name type="gentilicium" nymRef="Livius"><expan><abbr>L</abbr><ex>ivi</ex></expan></name> 
                            <name type="cognomen" nymRef="Martialis"><expan><abbr>Mart</abbr><ex>ialis</ex></expan></name></persName>
                    <lb n="2" rend="circle"/> <supplied reason="lost">ex</supplied> <expan><abbr>pr</abbr><ex>aedis</ex></expan> 
                        <persName nymRef="#Lucilla"><name type="gentilicium" nymRef="Domitia"><expan><abbr>Dom</abbr><ex>itiae</ex></expan></name> 
                            <name type="cognomen" nymRef="Lucilla"><expan><abbr>Luc</abbr><ex>illae</ex></expan></name></persName>
                </ab>
            </div>
            <div type="translation" xml:lang="en">
                <p>Brick-product of Claudius Quinquatralis and Livius Martialis, from the estate of Domitia Lucilla.</p>
            </div>
            <div type="apparatus">
                <listApp>
                    <app><note>OP DO CLO OLETI MART / ex PR DOM LVC (Lanciani 1868).</note></app>
                </listApp>
            </div> 
            
            <div type="commentary">
                <p>Landowner Domitia Lucilla Minor (PIR2 D183; <ref target="#raepsaet1987">Raepsaet-Charlier 1987</ref>: p.290 no.329) was mother of emperor Marcus Aurelius, 
                    and wife of M. Annius Verus (<ref target="#setälä1977">Setälä 1977</ref>: p.108-09) (cf. <ref target="AN1872.1502.xml">AN1872.1502</ref>).
                    Her family, the Domitii, were prominent in brick manufacturing during the first and second centuries AD (<ref target="#helen1975">Helen 1975</ref>: p.100).
                    The stamps belong to an Antonine phase of alterations to the ‘palazzo imperiale’. See also <ref target="AN1872.1502.xml">AN1872.1502</ref>, 
                    <ref target="1872.1512.xml">1872.1512</ref>, <ref target="1515a.xml">1872.1515a</ref>, <ref target="AN1872.1559.xml">1872.1559</ref>.</p>
            </div>
            <div type="bibliography" subtype="Editions">
                <p>Ashmolean Museum Department of Antiquities MS Accession Register 1872.1515 (31); CIL XV, 1 no.1079, 6 (from an impression sent by Waldstein) (Dressel 1891);
                    <ref target="#thylander1952">Thylander 1952</ref>: p.440, B387, 9.</p>
                <p>Online: EDCS-36100209 [accessed 08/04/15]</p>
            </div>
            <div type="bibliography" subtype="Scholarship">
                <listBibl>
                    <bibl xml:id="helen1975">
                        <author><surname>1975</surname><forename>T.</forename></author>
                        <date>1975</date> <title level="m">Organization of Roman Brick Production in the First and Second Centuries AD. An interpretation of Roman brick stamps</title>
                        <pubPlace>Helsinki</pubPlace> <publisher>Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae Dissertationes Humanarum Litterarum 5</publisher>
                    </bibl>
                    <bibl xml:id="lanciani1868">
                        <author><surname>Lanciani</surname><forename>R.</forename></author>
                        <date>1868</date> <title level="a">Ricerche topografiche sulla città di Porto</title>
                        <title level="j">Annali dell’ Instituto di Corrispondenza Archeologica</title>
                        <biblScope unit="volume">40</biblScope>
                        <biblScope unit="page">144-95</biblScope>
                    </bibl>
                    <bibl xml:id="raepsaet1987">
                        <author><surname>Raepsaet-Charlier</surname><forename>M-Th.</forename></author>
                        <date>1987</date> <title level="m">Prosopographie des femmes de l’ordre sénatorial (Ier-IIe siècles)</title>
                        <pubPlace>Leuven</pubPlace> <publisher>Peeters</publisher>
                    </bibl>
                    <bibl xml:id="setälä1977">
                        <author><surname>Setälä</surname><forename>P.</forename></author>
                        <date>1977</date> <title level="m">Private Domini in Roman Brick Stamps of the Empire. A Historical and Prosopographical Study of Landowners in the District of Rome</title>
                        <pubPlace>Helsinki</pubPlace> <publisher>Academia Scientiarum Fennica</publisher>
                    </bibl>
                    <bibl xml:id="thylander1952">
                        <author><surname>Thylander</surname><forename>H.</forename></author>
                        <date>1952</date> <title level="m">Inscriptions du port d’Ostie</title>
                        <pubPlace>Lund</pubPlace> <publisher>Gleerup</publisher>
                    </bibl>
                </listBibl>
            </div>
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